In Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics (KPM), Heidegger shows how the initial image-making power of the imagination is pictorial in the pure image of time. He further clarifies the recognized link between the syntheses and the time-visualizing power of images which is pictorial formative power, which can visualize time. The three syntheses of imagination are replaced with the modes of existence of Dasein. Three kinds of photographs resemble the images produced when the transcendental imagination functions as Dasein. We can address the ways to visualize time by considering Dasein with a photographic preoccupation through 1. A possible look in the form of presentation (a photograph shows an immediate look of a house or person as intuitable this-here); 2. An immediate look of the thing, house, or deceased person, as well as a copy or its reproduction as a death mask; and, 3. The manner of contemplation of a likeness is an immediate look of a being present in the form of representation.

Face recognition from digital images is used for surveillance and authentication in cities, organizations, and personal devices. Internet of Things (IoT)-powered face recognition systems use multiple sensors and one or more servers to process data. All sensor data from initial methods was sent to the central server for processing, raising concerns about sensitive data disclosure. The main concern was that all data from all sectors that could contain confidential information was placed in a central server. Federated learning can solve this problem by using several local model training servers for each region and a central aggregation server to form a global model in IoT networks. This article presents a novel approach to optimize data transfer and convergence time in federated learning for a face recognition task using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II). The aim of the study is to balance the trade-off between training time and model accuracy in a federated learning environment. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in reducing data transfer and convergence time, leading to improved performance in face recognition accuracy. This research provides insights for researchers and practitioners to enhance the efficiency of federated learning in real-world applications.

A B S T R A C TSatisfaction is considered one of the effective methods for evaluating the success of urban development plans and projects, and it is a tool to measure which type of housing and residential environment meets the needs, expectations, and aspirations of residents. This article aims to compare Amiriyeh and Pay-eToop neighborhoods in Bojnord city in terms of residents' satisfaction with living in these neighborhoods. Using a questionnaire, the data was obtained by a survey from 229 heads of sample households living in Bojnoord city. The residents' satisfaction is analyzed by 26 indicators set as home and neighborhood indices. The data is entered into SPSS software to run the One Sample T-Test and calculate statistical parameters. Also, the data is entered in Arc GIS in accordance with the UTM coordinates of the responder's locations to provide a GIS point layer to use zoning maps to be drawn. Residential satisfaction is lower than average and slightly higher in Pay-eToop than in Amiriyeh. Also, the average score of the indicators that are set as home indices is lower than those for neighborhood indices. The zoning maps indicate that most parts of the neighborhoods show an average level of satisfaction with housing, and the maps of different indicators are not much different from each other. The role of physical indicators in low satisfaction is much more significant than social indicators. To improve satisfaction, paying attention to the neighborhood regeneration and improving the housing quality is necessaryExtended AbstractIntroductionSatisfactory housing is one of the most valuable aspects of life and one of the main elements of people's living standards. The higher the level of satisfaction with a place, the more people will feel a sense of belonging to that place and feel more relaxed about being there. The feeling of satisfaction from a place can cause the positive effects of the place in the process of relationships in which the environment is being formed and carried out. On the one hand, satisfaction measurement is considered one of the effective methods of evaluating the success of urban programs and plans. On the other hand, it is a tool to measure which type of housing and residential environment currently meets its residents' needs, expectations, and aspirations. MethodologyThe residents' satisfaction is analyzed by 26 indicators set as home and neighborhood indices. A questionnaire gathers the data. Household heads in the studied neighborhoods (Amirieh and Pay-e Toop) are randomly selected as 229 sample people. The sample people evaluate the items in the questionnaire in a 5-range of the Likert scale from very high to very low. The qualified range was then changed to quantified scores from 5 to 1. Afterward, they were entered into SPSS software to run the One Sample T-Test and calculate other statistical parameters. The address of each respondent is included in the questionnaires, and based on the address, the UTM coordinates of the respondent are determined using Google Earth. Then, the information from the questionnaires is entered into the GIS according to the coordinates to provide a GIS point layer for drawing zoning maps. Results and discussionThe score of 2.75, which is the average figure of the evaluation scores for all the indicators of both neighborhoods, indicates that residential satisfaction is lower than the assumed average score (3). The average scores are 2.90 and 2.57 for Pay-e Toop and Amirieh neighborhoods, respectively, and they indicate that the residential satisfaction in the first is slightly higher than the other. Pay-e Toop is the oldest neighborhood in Bojnoord, which accommodates the traditional complex of shops (Bazar) and essential physical elements of historical eras, such as the city's citadel. In addition to the high proportion of immigrants, it also includes deep-rooted and native families that have strong social relationships. Also, the average score for the neighborhood indices is slightly higher than for the home indices. The average figure for all 26 indicators is lower than the assumed average score (3) and indicates a lower residential satisfaction. Five indicators with the higher satisfaction score are as follows: relationship with neighbors, living in the ancestral neighborhood, the situation of streets and ways, living with relatives, and the quality of wastewater disposal. On the contrary, lower satisfaction scores belong to the indicators of access to shopping centers, healthcare service centers, the size of homes, and access to public transportation, respectively. Despite the fame of the gardens of Bojnord in previous centuries, in recent decades, most of the gardens disappeared, especially in the city's central business district, which corresponds to the two studied neighborhoods; there is a small area of land covered by parks and green spaces. Green spaces are mainly the small green strips on the edge or in the middle of the streets. For Amiriye and Pay-e Toop neighborhoods, the Pearson correlation coefficient between the respondents' education levels and their scores of residential satisfaction are -0.36 and -0.23, respectively. It implies that residential satisfaction has an inverse relationship with education. Also, the correlation coefficient between the residence length in the neighborhood and residential satisfaction scores are +.001 and -0.29, respectively (for Amirieh and Pay-e Toop neighborhoods). It also indicates no relation for the first neighborhood and an inverse relation for the other.The zoning map of all the indicators shows that in more than 90% of the neighborhood area, the level of satisfaction is in the medium range. In Amirieh, the parts with low satisfaction are scattered. It can be said that the northeastern edge of the Amirieh neighborhood and the southwestern edge of the Pay-e Toop neighborhood have lower satisfaction. ConclusionThe role of physical indicators in low satisfaction is much more significant than social indicators. The physical components of the neighborhoods caused a low level of satisfaction. On the contrary, higher satisfaction is revealed from the socio-cultural components. Households prefer the quality of services more than the availability of services. In medium-sized cities such as Bojnoord, neighborhood relations, closeness to relatives, and living in neighborhoods where the ancestors lived are still decisive in creating residential satisfaction. To improve life satisfaction, paying attention to housing quality and the regeneration of both neighborhoods is necessary. Also, improvement, retrofitting, enhancing the quality of the building, and improving the quality of urban services, especially healthcare services, public transportation, and commercial services, should be considered. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Islam is a universal and eternal religion due to the perfection of the divine rules which are in fact one of its miracles. In the face of constant needs, changing needs will emerge, and these changes must be protected in order to preserve and maintain its purity and appropriate growth. For the same reason, the dynamics is not a divider of traditional jurisprudence, but traditional jurisprudence is dynamic in itself. Ijtihad, which is rightly called the dynamics of Islamic law, means a deliberate and methodical attempt to extract the verdict of God according to the four sources of the Book, Islamic tradition, wisdom and consensus. Providing some criteria and examples, this article attempts to explain who the time and place influence the religious judgments.

In order to identify the correlations and relationships between different traits in the bread wheat, 30 genotypes were investigated as sub-factors under the split plot experiment in the completely randomized design in greenhouse and the randomized complete block design in the field with three replications under the normal irrigation and post-anthesis water stress conditions. The results of the canonical correlation analysis showed that at both normal and moisture stress levels, there was a significant correlation between the pair of canonical variables obtained from the phenological traits and the yield components. Under the normal conditions in the greenhouse, to increase the spike density and length, the number of days to 50% flowering can be considered as a suitable selection criterion. According to the results of canonical correlation analysis, under the stressed conditions in greenhouse, to increase the spike length, the number of days to the heading, maturity and 50% of flowering were among the important and effective factors. Under the optimum irrigation conditions in the field, the number of days to maturity was considered as one of the factors influencing the seed weight per spike. The results of canonical correlation analysis under the field stress conditions showed that to increase the 1000-seed weight, the number of days to maturity can be considered an appropriate selection criterion.

A contract or unilateral legal act, whether irrevocable or voidable, results in some obligations that the obligor must fulfill. The obligor will be exempted of the obligation in case of acting upon the contract contents or the distinctiveness and conditions within it. In other words, it should take place in the exact agreed time and place stated in the contract context, and in case of any expense, it will be up to the party to whom the contract refers. However, in some cases, the contract might be unconditional in terms of time, place, and any expense of fulfilment of the obligation. This issue has drawn the jurists’ attention and has been subjected to lots of disagreements and debates in various assumptions. This paper, concludes that except for the revocable contract in which time is not estoppel, in the unrestricted contract, the principles of obligation immediate payment, obligation fulfillment in the place of ratification, and payment of the obligation fulfillment expenses by the party benefited from it, are the basic foundations to answer the questions in the all legal and lawful and jurisprudential parts.

Meaning and concept of time and place are the challenging issues in philosophy and physics. From one view all material objects are found to be in time and place and from another view we do not have any especial sense of time and place. This is the reason why we have so many different ideas explaining theses concepts. Some thinkers regard time and place to be illusionary and some even regard them as external realities. Kant, the German philosopher with his strong influence on western philosophy, has interpreted time and place in his own especial way. He has brought these issues into the area of epistemology and has based his own epistemology on them. Bing strongly influenced by achievements in new science such as Newtonian physics and also Hume's skepticism, he is trying to justify the foundations of empirical science. He distinguishes intellect and pure reason as incapable of proving non material things such as God, soul, and so on. He believes that compound knowledge consists of object and cognitive forms. Object exists in the external world and is perceived through sensation but cognitive forms, at the stage of imagination are "time and place" and at the stage of affirmation are prior understanding knowledge. Thus whatever which does not lie in time and place is beyond man's knowledge. The result of this idea, as Kant clarifies, is to deny divine philosophy. Therefore, in this article, Kant's epistemological system is studied and his reasons and justifications are proven to be wrong.

Leibniz initially believed in the absoluteness of time and place, but later he changed his idea. His true and final view is that time and place are relative and subjective concepts, whereas Newton believed that they are absolute and have a real and objective existence independent of other phenomena. In his correspondence with Samuel Clark, he refers to the weak points of the views of Newton and Clark and presents several philosophical and theological arguments to reject them. Time and place are treated in his philosophy ontologically, and their existence is relative.Epistemologically speaking, these concepts correspond to phenomena and depend on external phenomena and objects. From a psychological point of view, these concepts are formed in the mind through observing the relations among objective phenomena. Time and place are attributes of phenomena rather than monads or simple substances.In contrast to Newton's idea, the existence of an empty place or vacuum is impossible and in contradiction to Leibniz's accepted principles. He has presented some metaphysical and theological arguments on rejecting this issue in most of his works.

Story is a useful means to convey human aspirations, experiences, thoughts, rites, traditions and values. The Quran uses stories when it intends to fix a truth in the reader’s mind or remove a falsehood from his mind. But this by no means prevents artistic features of storytelling from appearing in Quran’s stories. In the Quran’s stories, conveying religious ideas and using an artistic style are both considered important. This paper, paying attention to the concepts and fundamental principles emphasized today in storytelling and drama, tries to identify and categorize the images and features in Surah Yusuf related to place, time, dreaming and character as much as possible. The method used is description-analytical based on the images taken from the text of the Surah.According to the findings of the research, some of the main artistic-literary features of Surah Yusuf include: presenting a clear and precise picture of the society, place, and time of the story, creativity in creating and developing the characters and human natures, presenting different portrays of a character, dialogue, describing incidents, complication, crisis making, denouement, and creating expectations. These features act in coordination as the story unfolds and help to realize its objectives. The results of the research also showed that there are common points in the contemporary story- writing principles and the story-telling in the Quran in terms of narration, style, structure and use of artistic and literary nuances and techniques.